Questions: Which of the following refers to the vast amounts of data collected and stored online based on internet searches, social media posts, customer transactions, military surveillance, medical tests, and weather sensors? Data mining Data extraction Structured Query Language Big data

The answer is the fourth one: Big data.

Explanation for each option:

1. Data mining: This refers to the process of analyzing large datasets to discover patterns and extract useful information. While it deals with large amounts of data, it is more about the analysis process rather than the data itself.

2. Data extraction: This involves retrieving data from various sources for further processing or storage. It is a part of data processing but does not specifically refer to the vast amounts of data collected.

3. Structured Query Language (SQL): SQL is a programming language used for managing and manipulating databases. It is not related to the concept of vast data collection but rather to querying and managing structured data.

4. Big data: This term specifically refers to the vast amounts of data collected and stored from various sources such as internet searches, social media, transactions, and sensors. It encompasses the large volume, variety, and velocity of data that is generated and collected.

In summary, "big data" is the correct term that describes the vast amounts of data collected and stored online from various sources.