Questions: Atoms, Ions and Molecules Predicting the ions formed by common main-group elements Complete the table below. For example, in the first row decide whether Sc^3+ is a lithium is mostly likely to form and then decide what type of ion it is. element most likely ion ------------ symbol of ion type of ion scandium Sc^3+ cation anion lithium cation anion chlorine cation anion oxygen cation anion strontium cation anion

Atoms, Ions and Molecules
Predicting the ions formed by common main-group elements

Complete the table below. For example, in the first row decide whether Sc^3+ is a lithium is mostly likely to form and then decide what type of ion it is.

 element  most likely ion   
------------
  symbol of ion  type of ion  
 scandium  Sc^3+  cation  anion 
 lithium   cation  anion 
 chlorine   cation  anion 
 oxygen   cation  anion 
 strontium   cation  anion
Transcript text: Atoms, Ions and Molecules Predicting the ions formed by common main-group elements Complete the table below. For example, in the first row decide whether $\mathrm{Sc}^{3+}$ is a lithium is mostly likely to form and then decide what type of ion it is. \begin{tabular}{|c|c|cc|} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{ element } & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{ most likely ion } \\ \cline { 2 - 4 } & \begin{tabular}{c} symbol of \\ ion \end{tabular} & type of ion \\ \hline scandium & $\mathrm{Sc}^{3+}$ & cation & anion \\ \hline lithium & $\square$ & cation & anion \\ \hline chlorine & $\square$ & cation & anion \\ \hline oxygen & $\square$ & cation & anion \\ \hline strontium & $\square$ & cation & anion \\ \hline \end{tabular}
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Determine the Ion for Lithium

Lithium is in Group 1 of the periodic table and typically loses one electron to form a cation. The most likely ion for lithium is \( \text{Li}^+ \).

Step 2: Determine the Ion for Chlorine

Chlorine is in Group 17 and typically gains one electron to form an anion. The most likely ion for chlorine is \( \text{Cl}^- \).

Step 3: Determine the Ion for Oxygen

Oxygen is in Group 16 and typically gains two electrons to form an anion. The most likely ion for oxygen is \( \text{O}^{2-} \).

Step 4: Determine the Ion for Strontium

Strontium is in Group 2 and typically loses two electrons to form a cation. The most likely ion for strontium is \( \text{Sr}^{2+} \).

Final Answer

\[ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text{element} & \text{symbol of ion} & \text{type of ion} \\ \hline \text{scandium} & \text{Sc}^{3+} & \text{cation} \\ \hline \text{lithium} & \boxed{\text{Li}^+} & \text{cation} \\ \hline \text{chlorine} & \boxed{\text{Cl}^-} & \text{anion} \\ \hline \text{oxygen} & \boxed{\text{O}^{2-}} & \text{anion} \\ \hline \text{strontium} & \boxed{\text{Sr}^{2+}} & \text{cation} \\ \hline \end{array} \]

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