The answer is the first one (or A): Tetralogy of Fallot.
Explanation for each option:
a. Tetralogy of Fallot: This congenital heart defect is characterized by four key features: hypertrophic right ventricle (RV), pulmonary atresia or stenosis, a large ventricular septal defect (VSD), and an overriding aorta that is displaced over the ventricular septum. These features match the description given in the question.
b. Persistent fetal circulation: This condition, also known as persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), involves the failure of the normal circulatory transition that occurs after birth. It does not specifically include the combination of hypertrophic RV, pulmonary atresia, large VSD, and a displaced aortic valve.
c. Eisenmenger's Syndrome: This is a long-term complication of untreated congenital heart defects that cause left-to-right shunts, leading to pulmonary hypertension and reversal of the shunt to right-to-left. It does not describe the specific anatomical features listed in the question.
d. Congenital cyanotic defect: This is a broad term that includes various heart defects causing cyanosis (bluish discoloration due to lack of oxygen). While Tetralogy of Fallot is a type of congenital cyanotic defect, the term itself is too general and does not specifically describe the features listed.
e. Transposition of the great vessels: This condition involves the aorta and pulmonary artery being switched from their normal positions, leading to two separate circulatory systems. It does not include the specific combination of hypertrophic RV, pulmonary atresia, large VSD, and a displaced aortic valve.
Summary:
The combination of hypertrophic RV, pulmonary atresia, large VSD, and a displaced aortic valve over the ventricular septum are characteristic signs of Tetralogy of Fallot. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Tetralogy of Fallot.
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