Questions: A researcher studies water clarity at the same location in a lake on the same dates during the course of a year and repeats the measurements on the same dates 5 years later. The researcher immerses a weighted disk painted black and white and measures the depth (in inches) at which it is no longer visible. The collected data is given in the table below. Complete parts (a) through (c) below. Observation 1 2 3 4 5 6 Date 1 / 25 3 / 19 5 / 30 7 / 3 9 / 13 11 / 7 Initial Depth, Xi 45.7 41.7 47.3 45.9 38.2 68.9 Depth Five Years Later, Yi 43.2 40.8 43.4 47.6 33.7 71.0 Determine the test statistic for this hypothesis test. (Round to two decimal places as needed.) Find the P -value for this hypothesis test. P-value = (Round to three decimal places as needed.)

A researcher studies water clarity at the same location in a lake on the same dates during the course of a year and repeats the measurements on the same dates 5 years later. The researcher immerses a weighted disk painted black and white and measures the depth (in inches) at which it is no longer visible. The collected data is given in the table below. Complete parts (a) through (c) below.

Observation 1 2 3 4 5 6
Date 1 / 25 3 / 19 5 / 30 7 / 3 9 / 13 11 / 7
Initial Depth, Xi 45.7 41.7 47.3 45.9 38.2 68.9
Depth Five Years Later, Yi 43.2 40.8 43.4 47.6 33.7 71.0

Determine the test statistic for this hypothesis test.
(Round to two decimal places as needed.)
Find the P -value for this hypothesis test.
P-value = (Round to three decimal places as needed.)
Transcript text: A researcher studies water clarity at the same location in a lake on the same dates during the course of a year and repeats the measurements on the same dates 5 years later. The researcher immerses a weighted disk painted black and white and measures the depth (in inches) at which it is no longer visible. The collected data is given in the table below. Complete parts (a) through (c) below. \begin{tabular}{lcccccc} Observation & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\ Date & $1 / 25$ & $3 / 19$ & $5 / 30$ & $7 / 3$ & $9 / 13$ & $11 / 7$ \\ Initial Depth, $\mathbf{X}_{\mathbf{i}}$ & 45.7 & 41.7 & 47.3 & 45.9 & 38.2 & 68.9 \\ Depth Five Years Later, $\mathbf{Y}_{\mathbf{i}}$ & 43.2 & 40.8 & 43.4 & 47.6 & 33.7 & 71.0 \end{tabular} Determine the test statistic for this hypothesis test. $\square$ (Round to two decimal places as needed.) Find the P -value for this hypothesis test. P-value $=\square$ (Round to three decimal places as needed.) $\square$
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Calculate the Standard Error

The standard error (SE) is calculated using the formula:

\[ SE = \frac{s}{\sqrt{n}} = \frac{2.8}{\sqrt{6}} \approx 1.14 \]

Step 2: Calculate the Test Statistic

The test statistic \( t \) is calculated using the formula:

\[ t = \frac{\bar{d}}{SE} = \frac{1.33}{1.14} \approx 1.17 \]

Step 3: Determine the Critical Value

For a two-tailed test at significance level \( \alpha = 0.05 \), the critical value is:

\[ t_{\alpha/2, df} = t_{(0.025, 5)} \approx 2.57 \]

Step 4: Calculate the P-value

The P-value is calculated as follows:

\[ P = 2 \times (1 - T(|t|)) = 2 \times (1 - T(1.17)) \approx 0.3 \]

Final Answer

The test statistic is \( t \approx 1.17 \) and the P-value is \( P \approx 0.3 \).

Thus, the final answers are: \[ \boxed{t \approx 1.17} \] \[ \boxed{P \approx 0.3} \]

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