Questions: Identify a recognized category of defenses to liability for a negotiable instrument.
- Symbolic defenses
- Constructive defenses
- Personal defenses
- Equitable defenses
Transcript text: Multiple Choice Question
Identify a recognized category of defenses to liability for a negotiable instrument.
Symbolic defenses
Constructive defenses
Personal defenses
Equitable defenses
Solution
Answer
The answer is Personal defenses.
Explanation
Option 1: Symbolic defenses
There is no recognized category of "symbolic defenses" in the context of negotiable instruments. This term does not appear in standard legal texts or discussions regarding defenses to liability for negotiable instruments.
Option 2: Constructive defenses
"Constructive defenses" is not a recognized category in the context of negotiable instruments. While the term "constructive" is used in legal contexts (e.g., constructive notice), it does not apply as a category of defenses for negotiable instruments.
Option 3: Personal defenses
Personal defenses are recognized in the context of negotiable instruments. These defenses can be used against holders who are not holders in due course. Examples include lack of consideration, fraud in the inducement, and unauthorized completion of an incomplete instrument.
Option 4: Equitable defenses
Equitable defenses are not typically categorized as defenses to liability for negotiable instruments. While equitable principles can apply in various legal contexts, they are not a standard category of defenses in this area.