Questions: Classify each of the following molecules as polar or nonpolar.

Classify each of the following molecules as polar or nonpolar.
Transcript text: Classify each of the following molecules as polar or nonpolar.
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Identify the Molecules

First, we need to identify the molecules that are being classified. Since the molecules are not provided in the question, we will assume some common examples for the purpose of this explanation.

Step 2: Determine Molecular Geometry

To classify molecules as polar or nonpolar, we need to determine their molecular geometry. This can be done using VSEPR theory.

Step 3: Evaluate Electronegativity Differences

Next, we evaluate the electronegativity differences between the atoms in each molecule. A significant difference in electronegativity usually indicates a polar bond.

Step 4: Assess Symmetry

Finally, we assess the symmetry of the molecule. If the molecule is symmetrical, it is likely nonpolar. If it is asymmetrical, it is likely polar.

Example Molecules

Let's classify the following example molecules:

  1. Water (H\(_2\)O)
  2. Carbon dioxide (CO\(_2\))
  3. Methane (CH\(_4\))
  4. Ammonia (NH\(_3\))
Step 5: Classify Each Molecule

  1. Water (H\(_2\)O):

    • Geometry: Bent
    • Electronegativity difference: Significant between H and O
    • Symmetry: Asymmetrical
    • Classification: Polar

  2. Carbon dioxide (CO\(_2\)):

    • Geometry: Linear
    • Electronegativity difference: Significant between C and O
    • Symmetry: Symmetrical
    • Classification: Nonpolar

  3. Methane (CH\(_4\)):

    • Geometry: Tetrahedral
    • Electronegativity difference: Small between C and H
    • Symmetry: Symmetrical
    • Classification: Nonpolar

  4. Ammonia (NH\(_3\)):

    • Geometry: Trigonal pyramidal
    • Electronegativity difference: Significant between N and H
    • Symmetry: Asymmetrical
    • Classification: Polar

Final Answer

\[ \begin{array}{ll} \text{Water (H}_2\text{O)} & \boxed{\text{Polar}} \\ \text{Carbon dioxide (CO}_2\text{)} & \boxed{\text{Nonpolar}} \\ \text{Methane (CH}_4\text{)} & \boxed{\text{Nonpolar}} \\ \text{Ammonia (NH}_3\text{)} & \boxed{\text{Polar}} \\ \end{array} \]

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