Connotations and denotations refer to the implied and literal meanings of words, respectively, and do not specifically address changes in meaning or arrangement as figures of speech.
Option 2: Metaphors, similes
Metaphors and similes are specific types of tropes that involve comparisons, but they do not cover the broader categories of changes in meaning and arrangement.
Option 3: Tropes, schemes
Tropes are figures of speech that involve a change in the meaning of words, such as metaphors and irony. Schemes involve a change in the arrangement of words, such as parallelism and antithesis.
Option 4: Schemes, tropes
This option reverses the correct order. Tropes involve changes in meaning, while schemes involve changes in arrangement.