Questions: 4. Which approach to motivation is based on the premise that managers know more about the job than workers and economic gain was the primary motivation? a. Content perspective b. Human resources approach c. Traditional approach d. Human relations approach e. Scientific management

The answer is e: Scientific management.

Explanation for each option:

a. Content perspective: This approach to motivation focuses on identifying the specific factors that motivate individuals. It includes theories such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory. It does not primarily emphasize that managers know more about the job than workers or that economic gain is the primary motivation.

b. Human resources approach: This approach emphasizes the importance of employees' needs and the potential for them to contribute to organizational success. It focuses on treating employees as valuable resources and involves participative management and empowerment. It does not align with the idea that managers know more about the job than workers or that economic gain is the primary motivation.

c. Traditional approach: This term is somewhat broad and can refer to various older management theories, but it is not specifically defined in the context of motivation theories. It does not directly address the premise that managers know more about the job than workers or that economic gain is the primary motivation.

d. Human relations approach: This approach emphasizes the importance of social factors in the workplace, such as employee relationships and morale. It suggests that employees are motivated by more than just economic gain, including social needs and job satisfaction. It does not align with the idea that managers know more about the job than workers or that economic gain is the primary motivation.

e. Scientific management: This approach, developed by Frederick Taylor, is based on the premise that managers know more about the job than workers and that economic gain is the primary motivation. It involves analyzing and synthesizing workflows to improve efficiency and productivity, often through time-and-motion studies and standardized tasks. This approach assumes that workers are primarily motivated by financial incentives and that management should control and direct work processes.

Therefore, the correct answer is e: Scientific management.