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Population health is a concept that ultimately focuses on any and all factors that contribute to the health or the decline in health of a person or population large or small. These contributing factors include; the care continuum, the science, the effect and response by the marketplace, and the politics (Nash et al., 2021). The care continuum is the promise of population health to improve the health and wellness of greater numbers of people in a population, thereby increasing the longevity of their lives. This includes the concept of compression of morbidity (Nash et al., 2021). The science involves the study of the contributing factors and variables that affect a populations health. Patient behavior has the greatest effect on an individual's health and well-being. Determining what motivates a population and then causing real, positive change are two important, but elusive keys to success. The effect and response by the marketplace, in my opinion, are the next most important contributors to health. Not seeking care due to financial constraints can turn unreasonable copays into mountainous medical debt when one's health declines. Politics has played a huge role in shaping our healthcare system into what it is today. Regulations and policies that are ever changing have become a popular topic for political debates and have to potential to shift political tides. Population health incorporates the study of why populations have varying outcomes and what are the contributing factors. The use of EHR's has improved the capture of trends among such groups of people by age, race, location, and health conditions to name a few. Understanding where the greatest amount of health disparities lie is the foundation for determining what needs and challenges must be addressed. Cultural competence has become an important area of study to understanding some of the barriers between a population and the delivery system. With minorities, especially black Americans, there is a greater mistrust in the healthcare system. This leads to a decreased utilization of healthcare services, especially preventative care. The need for a health equity focus in genomics research has been recently acknowledged and emphasized. Having the ability to pinpoint ant then tailor our procedures and evidenced-based applications to improve the health of minorities can have an incredible impact (Khoury et al., 2022). There is no one-size fits all solution to the way communities can become healthier. We must adapt and center our focus on their specific disparities. Population health supports initiatives and interventions with the ever-evolving study of the contributing factors to health and the decline of health. Models are created to improve outcomes, and then they must be studied and improved upon to keep up with the ever-changing challenges and barriers (Chan et al., 2024). These results help guide policy makers and government and non-government companies to paths of greater wellness through new policies and procedures. There are countless available grants that smaller communities utilize to obtain funds to provide services to under-funded areas. National initiatives can be great motivators and provide an example that can be imitated on a smaller, more local level, which could be tailored to specific community
Table 1 shows that a larger number of men than women had not visited a dentist or dental hygienist for the past 2 years. Also, compared with people with no SDI, more people in the severe SDI category had not visited a dentist or dental hygienist for >2 years (table 3). A similar pattern was observed for people living alone, with low occupational status, inactive in the labour market or with low educational achievement compared with those cohabiting or with higher occupational status with high educational achievement. Multiple logistic regression models (table 3) show significantly increased odds for lack of access to dental care services in relation to SDI. Self-reported oral health Table 1 indicates that there were no sex-specific differences in self-rated oral health. However, middle-aged men were more likely to report poorer oral health than younger men. We found living alone, low education, low occupational status or being inactive in the labour market to be associated with poor oral health in both men and women. Unhealthy lifestyle factors were associated with poor oral health, particularly daily smoking. We found a dose-response association between increasing levels of SDI and poor oral health (table 4). After adjusting for age, men with mild SDI and those with severe SDI had 2.7 -fold (95% CI 2.5 to 3.0) and 6.8 -fold (95% CI 6.2 to 7.5) increased odds for self-rated poor health compared with those with no SDI, respectively. The corresponding odds among women were 2.3 (95% Cl 2.1 to 2.5) and 6.8 (95% Cl 6.3 to 7.5); (table 4).