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A study examined whether the content of TV shows influenced the ability of viewers to recall brand names of items featured in the commercials. Analysts recorded the number of advertised brand names a group of people recalled immediately after watching TV shows and then that same group of people recalled 24 hours later. Strangely enough, it appears that they remembered more about the ads the next day. Should we conclude this is true in general about people's memory of TV ads? Complete parts a through d. c) How might the design of this experiment have tainted these results? A. Since the populations of each group are not normally distributed, subjects with high recall could skew the means for each group. B. Since the populations of each group are not normally distributed, a two-sample t-test is not appropriate to compare the means between the two groups. C. Since the subjects were not selected at random, the first interview might have helped the subjects with high recall to remember the brand names for a longer period of time than they would have otherwise. D. A subject with high recall right after the show might have high recall 24 hours later as well. Also, the first interview might have helped the subjects to remember the brand names for a longer period of time than they would have otherwise. d) Suggest a design that could compare immediate brand name recall with recall one day later. A. Randomly assign half of the group watching violent TV shows to be interviewed immediately after watching, while the other half of the group is interviewed 24 hours later. B. Assign the older half of the group watching violent TV shows to be interviewed immediately after watching, while the younger half of the group is interviewed 24 hours later. C. Assign subjects in the group with horrible short-term memory to be interviewed immediately after watching the violent TV show, and assign subjects with horrible long-term memory to be interviewed 24 hours later. D. Assign subjects in the group with good short-term memory to be interviewed immediately after watching the violent TV show, and assign subjects with good long-term memory to be interviewed 24 hours later.
Snoring has long been considered an irritating but benign habit. However, "even isolated snoring might not be harmless," according to new research reported in the Forbes article "Snoring: A New Tip-Off to Stroke" (Haiken). The American Academy of Head and Neck Surgery defines snoring as "what you hear as a result of a form of blockage that obstructs the flow of air through the mouth or nose. The blockage causes the tissues of the airway to vibrate and flap." However, it is not the vibration and flapping of airway tissues that makes Henry Ford Hospital researchers Robert Deeb, MD, and Karen Yaremchuk, MD, so concerned. "Snoring can reveal damage to the carotid arteries-the arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the brain." In their study, Deeb and Yaremchuk found that the damage to the carotid arteries could be due to the trauma and inflammation caused by the vibrations of snoring. Deeb said that snorers should seek treatment since they could be at risk for coronary artery diseases. Deeb said, "Patients need to seek treatment in the same way they would if they had sleep apnea, high blood pressure or other risk factors for cardiovascular disease." Early detection of cardiovascular disease indicated by snoring can lead people toward an earlier diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. Deeb said, "Snoring is generally regarded as a cosmetic issue by health insurance, requiring significant out-of-pocket expenses by patients. We're hoping to change that thinking so patients can get the early treatment they need, before more serious health issues arise" (Haiken). Sources: "Don't Ignore the Snore: Snoring May Be Early Sign of Future Health Risks." Science Daily, 24 Jan. 2013, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130124122741.htm; Haiken, Melanie. "Snoring: A New Tip-Off to Stroke and Heart Disease." Forbes, 28 Jan. 2013, www.forbes.com/sites/melaniehaiken/2013/01/28/snoring-is-a-tip-off-to-stroke-and-heart-disease-new-research-shows/#f5a21ea56c19.
第1問 次の文章を読み、あとの問いに答えなさい。 フランスでは、1814年に開催された国際会議の結果、ブルボン朝が復活したが、反動的な政治に対して民衆が蜂起し、国王が追放される【1】革命がおこった。これによって自由主義的なルイ=フィリップを新国王として迎え、が成立した。制限選挙が引き継がれ、産業革命が本格化するなかで、富裕な商工業者や金融業者が政治的発言権を高めた。これに対し市民や労働者による選挙権の拡大と議会の改革を求める運動が広がり、1848年に共和主義者と社会主義者が協力してパリで蜂起する【2】革命が起こってが成立した。 問1下線部 a について、(1)~(3)の問いに答えなさい。 (1) この国際会議の名称を答えなさい。【知】 (2)次の文 は 19 世紀前半のヨーロッパで起こった出来事と列強がとった行動である。列強の行動が「正統主義」に従うものを正、従わないものを誤として、正誤の組み合わせとして適当なものを次のア〜エから選びなさい(なお、A・B の文章の内容そのものは歴史的事実に沿って正しいものとする)。【思】 A : スペインで立憲革命が起こると、フランスは軍を侵攻させて革命運動を弾圧した。 B:ギリシアで独立戦争が起こると、ロシアは独立を支援してオスマン帝国と戦争した。 ア: A-正 B-正 イ:A-正 B —誤 ウ: A-誤 B-正 イ:A-誤 B —誤 (3)この会議について説明した下記の文章のうち、誤っているものを一つ選びなさい。【知】 ア:神聖ローマ帝国は復活しなかった。 イ:ほとんどの国が君主を主権者として王政を復活させた。 ウ:ドイツの地域では、国家連合であるライン同盟が組織された。 エ:地中海のマルタ島のイギリス領有が承認された。 問2文章中の【1】、【2】に当てはまる語句を書きなさい。【知】 問3文章中の 、 に当てはまる政治体制を、ア〜工から選び、記号で答えなさい。【知】