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A cell phone manufacturer tests the battery lifetimes of its cell phones by recording the time it takes for the battery charges to run out while testers are streaming videos on the phones continuously. The manufacturer claims that the population mean of the battery lifetimes of all phones of their latest model is 5.74 hours. As a researcher for a consumer information service, you want to test that claim. To do so, you select a random sample of 45 cell phones of the manufacturer's latest model and record their battery lifetimes. Assume it is known that the population standard deviation of the battery lifetimes for that cell phone model is 2.42 hours. Based on your sample, follow the steps below to construct a 90% confidence interval for the population mean of the battery lifetimes for all phones of the manufacturer's latest model. Then state whether the confidence interval you construct contradicts the manufacturer's claim. (a) Click on "Take Sample" to see the results from your random sample of 45 phones of the manufacturer's latest model. Number of phones Sample mean Sample standard deviation ------------ ------------- ------------- 45 5.47 2.13 Population standard deviation ------------ 2.42 Enter the values of the sample size, the point estimate for the population mean; the population standard deviation, and the critical value you need for your 90% confidence interval. (Choose the correct critical value from the table of critical values provided.) When you are done, select "Compute". Sample size: Point estimate: Standard error: Population standard deviation: Critical value: Compute (b) Based on your sample, graph the 90% confidence interval for the population mean of the battery lifetimes for all phones of the manufacturer's latest model. - Enter the lower and upper limits on the graph to show your confidence interval. - For the point (4), enter the manufacturer's claim of 5.74 hours.
Population health is a concept that ultimately focuses on any and all factors that contribute to the health or the decline in health of a person or population large or small. These contributing factors include; the care continuum, the science, the effect and response by the marketplace, and the politics (Nash et al., 2021). The care continuum is the promise of population health to improve the health and wellness of greater numbers of people in a population, thereby increasing the longevity of their lives. This includes the concept of compression of morbidity (Nash et al., 2021). The science involves the study of the contributing factors and variables that affect a populations health. Patient behavior has the greatest effect on an individual's health and well-being. Determining what motivates a population and then causing real, positive change are two important, but elusive keys to success. The effect and response by the marketplace, in my opinion, are the next most important contributors to health. Not seeking care due to financial constraints can turn unreasonable copays into mountainous medical debt when one's health declines. Politics has played a huge role in shaping our healthcare system into what it is today. Regulations and policies that are ever changing have become a popular topic for political debates and have to potential to shift political tides. Population health incorporates the study of why populations have varying outcomes and what are the contributing factors. The use of EHR's has improved the capture of trends among such groups of people by age, race, location, and health conditions to name a few. Understanding where the greatest amount of health disparities lie is the foundation for determining what needs and challenges must be addressed. Cultural competence has become an important area of study to understanding some of the barriers between a population and the delivery system. With minorities, especially black Americans, there is a greater mistrust in the healthcare system. This leads to a decreased utilization of healthcare services, especially preventative care. The need for a health equity focus in genomics research has been recently acknowledged and emphasized. Having the ability to pinpoint ant then tailor our procedures and evidenced-based applications to improve the health of minorities can have an incredible impact (Khoury et al., 2022). There is no one-size fits all solution to the way communities can become healthier. We must adapt and center our focus on their specific disparities. Population health supports initiatives and interventions with the ever-evolving study of the contributing factors to health and the decline of health. Models are created to improve outcomes, and then they must be studied and improved upon to keep up with the ever-changing challenges and barriers (Chan et al., 2024). These results help guide policy makers and government and non-government companies to paths of greater wellness through new policies and procedures. There are countless available grants that smaller communities utilize to obtain funds to provide services to under-funded areas. National initiatives can be great motivators and provide an example that can be imitated on a smaller, more local level, which could be tailored to specific community